Patients with nerve injury must be examined carefully and in detail for motor, sensory and autonomic nervous system, which should be carried out regularly before and after operation and recorded, so as to observe the changes dynamically, evaluate accurately the recovery of their nerve function and make corresponding treatments.

Strive for time and early surgical treatment.
As long as there are indications for surgery, we should actively strive for one-stage surgery. Direct suturing of the two nerve breaks is the most basic method. If there is a nerve defect that cannot be sutured directly, nerve grafting should be performed. Nerve grafting can be performed if the proximal end of the nerve cannot be sutured.

A non-invasive technique is used.
A clear surgical field free of blood is required. The surgical field should be kept moist and frequently moistened with saline. When clamping the nerve operation, only the outer membrane of the nerve or the membrane of the nerve bundle is allowed to be clamped, not the whole nerve or the nerve bundle, and a microscopic magnifying glass or surgical microscope, microsurgical instruments and microsurgical sutures are used in order to improve the accuracy of the operation and to reduce the intraoperative injuries and the formation of postoperative scars.

Starting from a more normal area to free the scarred nerve.
It is important to start revealing the nerve from healthy tissue on either side of the lesion and then gradually separate the nerve along its longitudinal axis toward the lesion so that it is easier to identify the normal or more normal nerve with the scar.

The neuroma must be removed completely.
The neuroma must be completely excised to reach the normal nerve tissue, i.e., the nerve bundles are visible in the cross-section as granular protrusions, the inter-bundle tissues are loose, with vascular distribution and blood seepage, and there is a certain amount of looseness between the bundles, so that the nerve suture can be made, and the regeneration of the nerve and the recovery of the function can be guaranteed.

Pairing of bundle type and function in the suture section.
Bundle type and functional pairing, anastomosis at the severed end of the nerve bundle in the size, morphology, and strive to be consistent, for the morphology of the size of the two sections are not consistent, should identify its function for pairing.

The two nerve breaks should be sutured under tension-free.
After neuroma resection, there is a certain defect between the two severed ends, if the defect is not long, slightly freeing the two severed ends or slightly flexing the neighboring joints, truncating some secondary branches, nerve rerouting, or even shortening the end of the bone, etc., the nerves can be sutured under tension-free.

Nerve tissue must be placed in a blood-rich tissue bed.
The nerve tissue, especially the grafted nerve, is nourished by neovascularization that grows in from the tissue bed surrounding the contacting nerve, which is usually not completed until 3 to 5 days after grafting so that the implanted nerve does not become necrotic and fibrotic.

Active postoperative rehabilitation.
The patient's limb should be immobilized for about 3 to 6 weeks after surgery. Functional exercises should be started during the immobilization period. After removing the immobilization, it is more important to actively carry out motor and sensory rehabilitation exercises, which can speed up the recovery of the nerve. Active passive movement of the innervated muscles and joints after surgery is also an important measure to prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.

Long-term drug therapy
(1) Commonly used neurotrophic drugs: In addition to vitamin B1, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, methylcobalamin is a methyl-containing vitamin B12, which is fat-soluble and has stronger ability to penetrate cell membranes, thus it has a better effect on promoting nerve regeneration.
(2) Evaluation of nerve growth factors: The role of various types of nerve growth factors in nerve growth and development has been confirmed in a large number of animal experiments.