An overview of special pathogen infections: special pathogen infections include prion infections, gas gangrene infections, and sudden unexplained infectious disease infections.

Prion is a protein infection factor that lacks nucleic acid unlike pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and it does not require nucleic acid replication but is capable of self-growing.

Gas gangrene, also known as clostridial necrosis, is a rapidly developing anaerobic bacterial infection with a poor prognosis, caused by Clostridium perfringens, among others, that causes extensive myonecrosis. Outbreaks of unexplained infectious diseases include public health emergencies and outbreaks of hospital-acquired infections with a tendency to spread, such as the Ebola virus.
 
Preparation of preoperative items
1、Move the equipment not used in the operation theatre out of the operation theatre, and fully prepare the items to be used in the operation. There is an isolation sign on the door, and two persons shall make rounds inside and outside the theatre, and the isolation system shall be strictly enforced.
2. Operators entering the operating room should wear two layers of surgical gowns and trousers with shoe covers.
3、During the operation, the items in the room shall not be taken out of the operating room. The entry and exit of the operating personnel shall be strictly controlled, and visiting shall be strictly prohibited.
4、Post-operative contaminated items are passed by the door circuit staff.
5、After the operation, the medical staff will take off one layer of surgical clothes and trousers and shoe covers, and leave them in the room before they can go out of the operation room.
6, intraoperative operating table covered with disposable plastic film, postoperative incineration.
7, surgical materials can be used disposable materials, such as: disposable surgical gowns, disposable dressings packages, etc. Use waterproof performance of the better disposable.
8、When the personnel on and off the stage wear double gloves, it is recommended that the first layer of gloves wear coloured ones to facilitate timely detection of breakage.
 
Precautions
1, when the diagnosis of patients infected with prions, should be informed of the hospital infection management and diagnosis and treatment of the relevant clinical departments. Train relevant personnel on prion-related hospital infections, disinfection and other knowledge.
2. Medium- and high-risk items contaminated with high-risk tissues from patients infected with prions or suspected to be infected with prions should be handled immediately after use to prevent drying out; fast-acting sterilisation procedures should not be used; items that have not been disinfected and sterilised according to the correct method should be recalled and re-treated in accordance with the regulations.
3. Medium and highly hazardous items contaminated by highly hazardous tissues of patients infected with prions or suspected to be infected with prions, which cannot be cleaned and can only be sterilised at low temperature, should be treated as special medical waste.
4. Cleaning agents and disinfectants used should be replaced every time.
5. Immediately after each processing work, the cleaning instruments should be disinfected, the personal protective equipment should be changed, and the hands should be cleaned and disinfected.