Good exposure during surgery is a prerequisite for successful surgery. There are many factors that contribute to the good or bad exposure of the surgical field, such as the patient's position, the illumination of the surgical field, and good anesthesia to ensure muscle relaxation. Therefore, the surgeon should personally check the patient's position, lighting equipment and anesthesia before the surgery begins.

Dissection is an important step to reveal the deep tissue and remove the lesion. The dissection should be performed in accordance with the normal tissue space, which is not only easy to operate but also less damaging. However, this is often not possible when there are adhesions and scars in the tissues, which makes dissection more difficult and requires constant vigilance. According to the different methods of dissection and separation, there are two types of blunt and sharp separation. Blunt separation is performed with knife handles, vascular forceps, strippers or fingers, and is used to separate normal fascia, loose adhesions, benign tumor envelope, etc. Sharp separation is performed with a scalpel or scalpel scissors for meticulous cutting, which must be performed under direct vision with precise and delicate movements, and is used for fine dissection of all layers and tight adhesions.

The ability to perfect hemostasis is not only an important measure to ensure exposure and prevent blood loss during surgery, but also an important link to patient safety, incision healing and reducing complications after surgery. Hemostasis requires rapid and reliable hemostasis.

The proximal end is then tied with a penetrating suture, which must be distal to the ligature line, otherwise puncturing the vessel will cause bleeding. For more extensive capillary bleeding, gauze pads can be used to stop the bleeding, and if necessary, hot saline gauze compression or hemostatic powder, gelatin sponge, hemostatic cotton, hemostatic gauze pressure, etc. Sometimes the patient is in a critical situation, the bleeding of larger vessels, a momentary inability to stop bleeding can be used when the finger direct compression.

It is mainly used in vascular ligation and trauma suturing. If the knot is not tied correctly, so that the ligature line slips off, it can cause secondary bleeding after the operation, bringing unnecessary pain to the patient and even endangering his life.

Suturing is the basic operation to ensure good healing by buttressing the tissue or organ that has been cut or severed or reconstructing its passage and restoring its function.