I. Spinal fracture
Spinal fractures are mostly seen in male young adults. Most of them are caused by indirect external forces, such as fracture of the hip or foot when falling from a high place, or impact external forces transmitted upward to the thoracolumbar segment; a few are caused by direct external forces, such as house collapse crush, automobile crush injury or firearm injury.

Second, the common surgical approach to spinal surgery
1、Cervical approach: anterior cervical lesion removal, anterior cervical fixation, treatment of cervical nerve or vertebral artery compression lesions, posterior cervical posterior fusion and laminectomy
2、Thoracic approach: postero-lateral approach is suitable for the removal of tuberculosis lesions in the thoracic spine, and anterior approach is suitable for exposing the vertebrae from T4 to T11
3, thoracolumbar approach: the combined thoracoabdominal incision is suitable for anterior release in patients with scoliosis of the thoracolumbar segment and anterior support implants in patients with kyphosis. The posterior incision is suitable for posterior spinal fusion, posterior discectomy and other operations.

III. Preparation of items
Instruments: C-arm machine, electric knife
Instruments: orthopedic set of package, out-of-hospital instrumentation nail rod internal fixation instrumentation package
Dressing: medium single package, coat package, invasive sheet package
Disposable items: suction tube, electric knife pen, No. 23 blade, No. 11 blade, surgical film, 2% iodine, 75% alcohol, bone wax, No. 1 absorbable thread, No. 1/4/7 silk thread
Special items: lead plates, lead gowns

Fourth, the prone position placement
Adjust the height and width of the stent according to the different body types of the patient before the operation, so that the abdominal veins can be compressed and the congestion of the veins inside and outside the spinal canal can be reduced, thus reducing the bleeding of the trauma.

In prone position, the patient's ribs, anterior superior iliac spine and knees are the main stress points, so padding should be placed in these areas to cushion the local pressure and avoid the formation of pressure sores.
For patients with endotracheal hemp, eye ointment should be applied and adhesive tape should be applied to prevent damage to the conjunctiva.
Protect the perineal breast in female patients and the scrotum in male patients with pressure on the penis