The basic surgical operations include "incision", "suturing", "knotting" and "hemostasis". It is a skill that every front-line doctor must have. The following is an introduction to each of them.

Frequent examination points include the installation and removal of the scalpel, scalpel holding methods and incision methods three parts.

1. Installation and disassembly of blades

Installation of surgical blades.

Use a hemostatic forceps (or needle holder) to clamp the front dorsal side of the blade, align the notch of the blade with the notch of the handle, and follow the trend downward so that the notch of the blade is inserted into the notch of the handle.

Removal of the surgical blade.

First, use a hemostatic forceps (or needle holder) to pick up the dorsal side of the tail end of the blade, gently lift upward to separate the blade from the groove of the handle, and then push the blade away from the handle with a little force forward.

2. Scalpel grip method

The scalpel holding method is divided into four types.

The first one is: holding the bow method

It is the most commonly used way of holding the knife, with a wide and flexible range of motion, involving the entire upper limb, but mainly concentrated on the wrist, mainly used for larger incisions in the chest and abdomen.

The second one is: holding pen method

This holding method, with gentle force, flexible and accurate operation, is easy to control the degree of knife activity, and its movement and force are mainly in the fingers. It is used for short incisions and fine surgeries, such as dissection of blood vessels, nerves and incision of peritoneum.

The third one is: grasping method

Hold the knife handle with the whole hand, and the thumb and the index finger squeeze the knife handle at the indentation. This method of knife control is more stable. The main moving point of operation is the shoulder joint. It is used for surgeries with wide cutting range, deep incision site, and large force required, such as amputation and tendon dissection.

The fourth type is: reverse pick method

It is a conversion of the pen method, with the blade upward for picking open the superficial skin to avoid damaging the deeper tissues. It is often used for superficial abscess incision.

3. Operation demonstration - incision method (taking local skin incision as an example)

Before incision, the right hand holds the knife and the left hand fixes the skin of the incision; when incision is made, the knife should be entered vertically, and the knife should be walked horizontally and exited vertically. Requirements: apply even force and avoid multiple cuts, which may cause uneven incisions and be detrimental to later healing.