Textiles have a benign identity in most people's minds. They are our most intimate and immediate interface with the world we inhabit, becoming like a second skin. They shelter and protect, and through the almost endless varieties of fibre composition, structure and colour, give us tremendous choice in how we use these properties. When it comes to the medical applications, nonwoven materials (NMs) are exactly what the ‘doctor ordered’. They guarantee safety of patients and medical staff, thanks to superior levels of infection control, sterility and efficiency. When compared to other textiles, nonwoven materials are lower in cost, easier to use, more versatile, safer and feature better disposability. The present chapter highlights the key issues of NMs, main types of NMs, strengths and limitations for medical applications and the myriad of product range, covering wound care products, medical gauze, wadding, surgical gowns, surgical caps, surgical masks, drapes and cover cloths, clothing, wipes, etc. and developments in the field. In future, product innovations, particularly in areas of composites wherein different materials processed with different technologies are combined, will be the accelerators. Along with increasing personal incomes, the consumption of disposables, such as medical and hygiene products, will definitely rise.